Insight: journal of applied research in education

Department of Education

University of Kashmir

Print ISSN: 0975-0665 Online ISSN: NA

The present study was undertaken to find out the Need Achievement of Tribal and Non- Tribal students of Kashmir. A sample of 600 students was selected through random sampling, with 300 students from tribal community and an equal number from the non- tribal community. Need Achievement Incomplete Sentences Blank by B.N. Mukherjee (Urdu Adaptation by KHAN 1992) was employed to collect the data. After going through the statistical techniques of mean, S.D. and ‘t’ test, the results revealed that the tribal students differ significantly from non-tribal students on Hope of success, High ego ideal, Perseverance, Internal Control of Fate but no significant difference was found on Realistic Attitude dimension of Need Achievement. Also a significant difference was found on composite score of Need Achievement.

Media and Communication are two domains which are so important and essential for disseminating knowledge amongst the masses. Moreover, the present age is that of Information and Communication which, if utilized properly can bring about beneficial results in the field of public or mass education in future. Though some steps have been taken in this regard, yet a lot remains to be explored. On the other hand, Education is also an equally important domain that needs to be seen in a different hue against the backdrop of the emerging times. This paper attempts to explore how and where such a synergy can be established as well as taken care of effectively for spreading the knowledge base of the masses. This has become necessary because each and every field of study nowadays has rich repositories of knowledge acquired over the decades in their research activities across the world. However, if this knowledge base can’t be disseminated or dedicated to the usage of the masses what is their utility at all. This is where the domain of Education supported by Media and Communication come in handy for affecting an effort to successfully disseminate such knowledge to the people. The paper discusses several important aspects of the entire issue and suggests possible steps for reaping the rewarding benefits of such collaboration in the real sense of the term.

This study was undertaken to study the Personality, of First Generation Learners and Non First Generation Learners at College Level. The sample for the present study consists of 600 students, 300 First Generation Learners and 300 Non First Generation Learners. The data was collected with the help of R.B. Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. The result of the study highlight that Non First Generation Learners in comparison to First Generation Learners were found outgoing, more intelligent, emotionally stable, dominant, bold, sensitive, hard to fool and liberal. On the other hand, First Generation Learners were found reserved, shy, secure, conservative, careless of social rules and relaxed.

Today learners separated by time or space have a multitude of choices in how and what skills and knowledge are delivered. Online programs are rapidly becoming a popular form of learning in educational institutions today. The online environment offers extraordinary opportunities for people who would otherwise have limited access to education, as well as a new paradigm for educators in which dynamic courses of the highest quality can be developed. It provides an excellent method of course delivery unbound by time or location allowing for accessibility to information at anytime from anywhere. E-learning is a subset of education technology which offers an online learning and teaching platform to disperse knowledge with the help of internet technology. It offers conceptual and experimental learning through machines, media platforms and network solutions. It takes place both inside and outside of the classrooms. E-learning solution consists of both instructor-led synchronous learning tools as well self-paced asynchronous style e-learning platforms. It has gained tremendous importance because of the several competitive advantages in a number of areas like accessibility, inclusiveness, flexibility, technology and convenience.

The study was carried out to i) identify effective and ineffective teachers on some teacher effectivennes criteria, ii) study and compare the response of the two groups of teachers on Cattell’s 16 PF Questionnnaire. A sample of 210 teachers was drawn randomly from 12 Government high schools of Anantnag District in Jammu and Kashmir. The study was delimited to male teachers teaching 9th and 10th classes. The age range of teachers was between 28-35 years. The tools for the study were: (i) Headmaster’s comment Check List (HCCL) prepared by the investigator, (ii) Annual Examination results; and iii) Catell’s 16 P. F. Questionnaire (Adult Form). Mean, SD and t test were applied as statistical techniques. The results revealed that personality factors like Outgoing behaviour, brightness, emotional stability, preference for own decisions, sensitive behaviour, relaxedness and resistence towards frustrating situations as the essential factors associated with teacher effectiveness.

Does private tuition improve student performance has been widely studied but the results are conflicting. In the same vein, time allotted by students for learning mathematics at home will help reduce their difficulties in learning. Gender difference in different math related tasks and performances have been an area of attention. Whether the three factors- Private Tuition, Difficulty in Mathematics and Time allotted for learning mathematics at home- are associated one another and whether such associations, if any, are mediated by student’s gender is the focus of this study. A questionnaire survey on 988, 9th standard students randomly selected from 12 governments and 8 government-aided schools of Malappuram district of Kerala on Aspects of Mathematics Learning gathered information on private tuition and time allotted for learning mathematics at home. Additionally, participants rated their feeling of difficulty in learning mathematics. Chi square analyses of the frequencies were followed up through comparison of proportions, and calculation of Risk Ratio, and Odds Ratio. Findings indicate that girls, more than boys, tend to perceive mathematics as highly difficult subject. Precisely, 1.05 times number of girls than boys feels mathematics is not easy to learn; and, 1.15 times number of girls than boys feels mathematics as highly difficult to learn. Girls tend to allot more time on learning mathematics than boys. Less time allotment to learning mathematics at home is 1.91 times more prevalent in boys than girls. Number of students attending private tuition does not demonstrate gender difference. Perceived difficulty and time allotted for learning are not associated among boys; but among girls, perceiving high difficulty leads to allotment of less time on learning mathematics. Precisely, not allotting high time on learning mathematics is 1.08 times more frequent among those perceiving high difficulty than those perceiving Moderate/No difficulty. Though girl’s perceived difficulty does not vary based on private tuition, boys with tuition tends to perceive mathematics as easier than boys without tuition. Among boys, 1.09 times more number of students without private tuition feels mathematics is not easy to learn, compared to boys attending tuition. Time allocation of boys to learn maths is not associated with tuition whereas girls with private tuition tend to allot high time on learning mathematics than girls without tuition. Among girls, not allotting high time on learning mathematics at home is 1.05 times greater for those without tuition than those with tuition. Study suggests that arranging private tuition, fighting gender stereotype beliefs about mathematics learning, highlighting and reinforcing success of girls in mathematics may help improve self-belief of girls in mathematics. Likewise, for boys, improving time allotment through closer time regulation by parents, and helping them with self-regulatory strategies by teachers is recommended; as the findings imply that this responsibility cannot be sidestepped by parents and teachers by merely arranging private tuition.

This experimental study was undertaken to examine the effect of Intentional intelligence intervention program (IIIP) on Self esteem among adolescents in relation to their Locus of control. For this pre-test post-test control group design was employed. Self prepared Intentional intelligence intervention modules were administered to a sample of 160 adolescents. Self prepared scale to measure Self esteem among adolescents was used and through 2X2 factorial design, gains on Self esteem were studied. Pre-test Post-test results revealed that the ninth graders in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher mean gain scores on Self esteem when compared to the control group. Also a significant difference was found between the groups with internal and external Locus of control on Self esteem. Moreover, a significant interaction was found between Intentional intelligence intervention and Locus of control on self esteem of adolescents.

Purpose of present research was to study the effect of some correlates of academic achievement on University students. The study included a total of 300 University Students from Rajasthan. The set of variables included Parental Encouragement, Achievement Motivation and Intelligence as independent variable and Academic Achievement as dependent variables were tested. Descriptive research method was used in the present study. The findings revealed that the students receiving high parental encouragement, high achievement motivation and high intelligence achieved higher in academics.

The present study was conducted to study the parental education of private and government secondary school students. The method adopted for this research was descriptive method and the sample comprised of 800 secondary school students in which 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) were taken from private schools and 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) were taken from government schools. The qualification of fathers from private secondary students was found to be 41.8% who have done graduation, and the minimum 1.5% was illiterate whereas father’s qualification of government secondary students in which 38.5% were middle pass and 33.3% were illiterate. Further it was found that the qualification of mothers from private school students was found to be 39.3% who have done higher secondary and 7.0% were illiterate whereas the mothers qualification of government secondary students in which 62.5% were illiterate and 26.8% were middle pass. The semi-literate and uneducated are aware of the broader benefits of education, but are not yet fully aware of the level of interaction that is required to support and encourage their children for school success.

Mathematics. The Three Tier Concept Achievement Test (TTCAT) is a criterion referenced test which is helpful to assess errors and misconceptions in mathematics learning prevalent among secondary school students. The first tier of an item on the test presents an ordinary multiple choice or alternate response questions, the second tier presents a set of reasons for the response given to the first tier, and the third tier questions if examinees are confident for their responses to the first two tiers. In the light of review of related literature and the discussions with the experts in the field, the scale was constructed for the students of IX class of C.B.S.E affiliated schools. It was observed that 38% of items fall in knowledge domain, 24% comprehension domain, 13% in application domain, 11% in analysis domain, 7% in synthesis domain and 7% in evaluation domain. The final draft of Three Tier Concept Achievement Test (TTCAT) in Mathematics was prepared on the basis of item response and content validity. The reliability of Three Tier Concept Achievement Test (TTCAT) was accomplished by Rational Equivalence or Kuder Richardson Method. The reliability of the Three Tier Concept Achievement Test (TTCAT) was estimated as 0.77.

Descriptive cross sectional, quantitative research design was employed to study the aesthetic appreciation of secondary students from Kashmir valley. The study was conducted on a sample of 720 secondary school students, drawn randomly from different schools of Kashmir valley. A self-constructed standardized tool was used for measuring the levels of aesthetic appreciation among secondary school students. Data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The study aimed at testing the development of aesthetic appreciation among students. Overall the students were found poor on aesthetic appreciation. Semi urban students show better aesthetic development than rural and urban students. Urban students showed the poorest aesthetic development.

Since time immemorial men have taken violence as a weapon to control women considering them as a physically and emotionally weaker section than the males. Violence against women (VAW) is a global health issue that threatens health and human rights of women (Ellesberg, 2006). VAW refers to physical, sexual, or psychological violence perpetrated by an intimate partner, acquaintance, or stinger (WHO, 2013). All across our neighbouring countries VAW occur at any location, including home, school, workplace, Community or public places. It varies across surveys, cultures, or location. Women faces many problems like gender discrimination, negligence of health issues, violence against women, parents’ unawareness towards female education, sexual harassment, family and social problems, unequal distribution of sex ratio. Domestic violence, rape, killing, honour killing are rampant even in some advance neighbouring countries of India. Their suffering which reflects the pathetic reality that women are just not safe and secure anywhere. In this paper attempt has been made to show the status and violence against women in India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Nepal. And need for women empowerment and Suggestions for the effective actions.

The present study was carried out to see the risk taking behaviour of secondary school students in relation to their gender, locale and socio-economic-status. Out of 619 secondary school students, 367 male and 252 female secondary school students were drawn from 11th class students of 29 schools of five randomly selected districts of Punjab. Among these 619, rural students were 304 and urban students were 315. Sinha and Arora’s risk taking questionnaire and Bhardwaj’s socio-economic-status scale, form B were used. ANOVA was used to find out the significance of main and interactive effects of variables. The findings are: 1. Secondary school boys have exhibited significantly higher level of risk taking behaviour than secondary school girls.2. The rural secondary school students have shown significantly higher level of risk taking behaviour than urban secondary school students. 3. Secondary school students with high socio-economic status have significantly higher level of risk taking behaviour than secondary school students with low socio-economic status. 4. The secondary school students with high socio-economic status have higher level of risk taking behaviour than low socio-economic status secondary school students only in case of urban group, whereas such difference become negligible in case of rural group of secondary school students.

Today, there is a lot of degradation of values. People run after material wealth, and want to make money through immoral means. Moral values give meaning and purpose to our life. They play a supreme role in the making of the individual as well as nation. The present study attempts to analyze the moral values of elementary school students in relation to gender and residential background. The study is quantitative in nature and the sample consists of 200 elementary school students (100 males and 100 females) randomly selected from 5 government and 5 private schools of Jammu. The main objective of the study is to find differences in moral values among elementary school students in relation to their gender and residential background. Also interaction between gender and residential background in elementary school students with moral values as the dependent variable has been analyzed. In this study, a standardized tool namely Moral Values Scales (MVS-GS) developed by Gupta and Singh (1997) has been used. The data has been analysed by employing Two-way ANOVA. Significant gender difference in moral values among elementary school students was observed in favour of female students. However, no significant difference in moral values among elementary school students from rural and urban residential background was found. Also no significant interaction between gender and residential background was found in elementary school students with moral values as dependent variable.

The present study has been carried out to uncover the gender difference in the level of interpersonal skills of single child adolescents and adolescents having siblings. A sample of 400 adolescents’ students were selected through purposive sampling technique from various secondary and senior secondary schools of Sirsa District. Self developed and standardized scale was used to collect the data. The data has been collected from the peer group members and teachers of the adolescent students. The results indicate that maximum adolescents whether they are single child or having siblings have an average level of interpersonal skills even adolescents’ girls and adolescents’ boys do not differ at the level of interpersonal skills with each other. It is also revealed that there is no significant gender difference in the level of interpersonal skills of single child adolescents and adolescents having siblings.

With ‘Education 4.0’ finding its way into the education systems across the world and ‘Generation-Z’ entering into higher education, there’s a need for a sea change in the way education is imparted, governed and regulated. Gen-Z is a generation which needs to be catered to in ways like never before. Ways of engaging with them are changing rapidly and so are the requirements. Thus, the authors examine the emerging needs and requirements of providing quality education to ‘Gen-Z’ in an era of innovation and change and present a framework of requirements that are essential for universities to claim the tag of a ‘Gen-Z’ University.

India has one of the largest Higher Education Systems in the world, it has hardly been able to register 20 percent of the Gross Enrolment Ratio as against 40 percent at the global level. The Government of India through the Ministry of Human Resource Development is trying to enhance the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) so as to bring it at least at par with the world average. Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as powerful tool for dissemination of knowledge and information. Their introduction and unprecedented use in the higher education has generated varied response. During the past 20 years, the use of ICTs has fundamentally changed the paradigm of education across the world. The modern tools of ICTs such as e-learning and online method of teaching and exchange of knowledge have become quite an important and major source of education across the world. To meet the challenge, The National Mission for Education through Information and Communication Technology (NME-ICT) an ambitious project of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) of Government of India was launched in 2009, in order to sustain a high growth rate of Indian economy through the capacity building and knowledge empowerment of the people and for promoting new, upcoming multi-disciplinary fields of knowledge. The main guiding philosophy identified under NME-ICT is that “No talent of the country should be allowed to go waste”.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Problem Behavior and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Tripura. It also aimed to ascertain differences, if any between the male and female students in terms of their problem behavior. For the present study 250(including 130 male and 120 female) secondary school students were selected randomly from Gomati district as the sample. To measure the problem behavior a questionnaire partially taken from a standardized test of V. Veeraraghavan and A. Dogra was used. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques like Mean, SD, Skewness, Kurtosis, percentiles, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t-test etc. The results indicated a negative correlation between the problem behavior and academic achievement of the students. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference between the male and female students in terms of their problem behavior.

Inclusive Education (IE) is a new progress towards educating the children with disability and learning difficulties with that of normal ones within the same roof. It brings all students together in one classroom and community, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, and seeks to maximize the potential of all students. It is one of the most effective ways to promote an inclusive and tolerant society which include marginalized groups also. Marginalized groups include different tribal communities also. The Indian tribal society is a unique society with diversity of nature and people. The term tribe or tribal is not defined anywhere in the Constitution although according to Article 342, ST represents the tribe or tribal communities that are notified by the President. In India, there are more than 573 tribal communities scattered all over the states and majority of them lives in difficult terrains, interiors of forests or remote areas which are difficult to access by mainstream population. As per the census conducted in the year 2011, by the Govt. of India, the tribal groups together constitute 11.9% of the total population of J&K state, which is 0.14% population of the country. Among the total tribal population of Jammu and Kashmir State, the gujjars and bakarwals together constitute 79.7% of the total ST population of the state. Because of this geographical isolation, they are often excluded from developmental activities. Development of tribal population has been a major concern of the nation builders, central and state governments, policy makers, non- government organizations, social scientists, social reformers etc. we have constitutional provisions for social, economic, educational, political, administrative, health and sanitational achievements of the tribal people of our nation. Since our independence various policies, strategies, approaches and models to tribal development have been conceived. Even after more than five decades of developmental efforts, educational status among the social groups is found to be highly skewed in India. Education is perceived as crucial to processes of planned change. It was seen as the key instrument for bringing about a social order based on value of equality and social justice. The marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes and Schedules Tribes the degree of educational exclusion is extremely high. The important reason for the low level of education among tribes is their peculiar nature of habitations. Lack of sufficient educational institutions in tribal areas, poverty, and lack of nutritional and healthcare programmes are some of the important problems causing the situation. The national educational policy (1986) stressed the need of the liberalization of education to liberate marginalized sections of the society. This paper highlights the educational concerns of marginalized group i.e Gujjars and Bakarwal tribe of Jammu and Kashmir.

The present study was an effort to compare the literate and illiterate women for their perspectives regarding family planning and birth control measures, and to study the impact of education on attitude of women regarding family planning and birth control measures. The sample was selected through random sampling technique. For the sample, 400 married women were selected, 200 illiterate and 200 literate. Data was collected by using family planning and birth control Attitude scale constructed by Rajamanickam, M and selfconstructed questionnaire. The study shows that there are no differences among illiterate and literate women for their mean scores of family planning. However, the mean scores of attitudes regarding population problems is more among literate than illiterate women and mean score regarding contraceptive methods is more among literate women than illiterate women. It is also found that overall attitude towards family planning is more among literate women than illiterate women.

The present study was aimed to find out relationship between teacher educators’ effectiveness with job satisfaction and well being. Descriptive survey method of research was used in the present study. A sample of 350 teacher educators working in the colleges of education affiliated to Himachal Pradesh University was used for the purpose of the study. Analysis of variance and correlation were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that teacher educators with high level of job satisfaction and well being have shown significantly higher level of teacher effectiveness as compared to their low level counterparts. Further it was also found that job satisfaction and well being are positively and significantly related to the teacher educators’ effectiveness.

students and make them reticent about using it. The most important factor impinges students’ attitude towards and scholastic achievement in mathematics is teacher’s Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge (MPCK) that may confidently eradicate students’ anxiety towards mathematics. Mathematics teachers got the soul authority to change the situation in a desirable direction that may confidently enhance students’ attitude towards mathematics. The study is fashioned to create a scalable intervention to measure the relationship between teachers’ MPCK and students’ attitude towards and scholastic achievement in mathematics. To address this issue students of Nagaland (NL) constitute the population. A sample of 200 students was selected from tenth slandered. A 25-items self-developed standardised questionnaire (r = 0.86325) was used to measure the students’ attitude towards mathematics (15-items) and 10 mathematics questions from tenth level Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE) syllabus. The obtained data were analysed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheff’s Post-hoc test. The result reveals there is significant relationship among and between all the independent variables of attitude towards mathematics (i.e. teacher’s Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Creation of Learning Environment by the Mathematics Teachers according to Students’ SES and demographic constructs, and Student Characteristics) except between teachers’ MPCK and student Characteristics. And there is significant difference and influence of intersection among and between attitude towards mathematics and scholastic achievement in mathematics of secondary level students of Nagaland.

The teacher education and training help to shape responsible enlightened citizens and qualified experts without whom no nation can progress socially, economically, culturally and politically. Since the society is becoming knowledge based it is the higher education which is contributing towards cultural socio-economic and environmentally sustainable development of the individual, organization, community and the nation. Indian education system can neither compete nationally not globally without systematic and well-planned curriculum for the betterment of the students. Keeping all these things in mind the NCFT- 2014 recommended that the duration of B.Ed. and M.Ed. teacher training program should be increased from one year to two years and further suggested that subjects like ICT, health and yoga education and inclusive education become integral part of it. In the present scenario, life has become so fast and busy. Man has become dependent on electronic gadgets and technologies. Today, life is more comfortable as a result of which man’s health is suffering the most. It is for this reason important to know all those forces by which the behaviour get affected and the role which human being played for the promotion of health status and for the prevention of various diseases. As we know that development of moral value is the main aim of education but these values are degrading rapidly in the present system of education. Thus, it is very essential to provide a clear understanding on yoga and its use as a great treasure for an individual and society at large. There is a need to provide picture of yoga by integrating it into school curriculum for this the teacher has to be well equipped with yoga philosophy and its practices its curative and therapeutic value and it turn to extend to children in the school. The present paper will highlight the importance of health and yoga education in teacher training Programme.

This paper covers what the author believes to be important teaching practices for a teacher teaching the English as a Second Language in the actual classroom situation, with a specific emphasis on the role of the teacher and other techniques. The English as a Second Language classroom explores the most effective teaching methods to teach in the best way to second language learners so that the desired goals are achieved by the teacher at the end of the class. The main motto of this paper is to highlight the Meaning Bearing and Comprehensive Input along with Communicative Language Teaching and Task Based Activities, a teacher could use during the actual classroom situations in teaching English as a second language.

Education is an early sample or model for the development of society. It becomes more effective and fruitful when new and brilliant innovations are used in it. Innovation in education means what is best for the inspiration and development of students. Innovative education in schools and class rooms shapes the future of our society more sharply. Innovative education cultivates and nurtures talent and creativity along with learning in students. Innovative education always tries to acquire learning through new and unique instructions, ideas and techniques that will develop learners more effectively. Hence to develop more the learning experience and knowledge many schools and colleges in India embrace teachers to be more creative than ever by enhancing and installing new methods and new educational technologies. Present study will be a humble effort to look how innovations help to develop flexible teaching, lessons and curriculum. How it helps to awake the curiosity of students and find new ways to keep them engage. How innovation helps to explore and cultivate creativity and talents in students. How it cultivates healthy environment in schools as well as classrooms. How it keeps students engage and excited to learn more and more. Study will explain glimpse of some innovations and techniques that different schools and teachers are using to make education more effective, interesting and fruitful.

formation among secondary school students in terms of gender and academic achievement. Descriptive method of research was followed by collecting data from a sample of 480, grade +1 students (240 male and 240 female) from ten randomly selected secondary schools of Punjab with the help of Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 (Bennion and Adams, 1986). Further the percentage academic achievement was taken from school record to identify high and low achievement groups of students on the basis of Q1 and Q3 cut points. Thus 2-way ANOVA with 60 students in each cell (N= 240) was applied. The results showed that there was significant mean difference in identity achieved status of secondary school students as high achievers exhibited significantly better than low achievers, through more markedly among girls. In other words, secondary school girls showed higher identity achieved status than boys when achievement was low. The results are discussed in the light of differential pattern of identity achieved status of secondary school students across gender and level of academic achievement.

The present study was undertaken to study the Educational Achievement and literacy rate among the Gujjar and Bakerwal students at elementary level. The sample of the present study was 100 students, 50 boys (25 Gujjars & 25 Bakerwals) and 50 girls (25 Gujjars & 25 Bakerwals) taken from 5 different schools in which the Gujjar and Bakerwal students were reading of Zone Devsar of District Kulgam. The data was considered as their scores achieved in their previous annual examination in the subject of General English, Math, General Science, Social Science, Urdu and Kashmiri. The collected data was analyzed by some statistical techniques. The findings of the study reveal that there is low enrolment of Gujjar and Bakerwal children in the elementary schools and there is also significant mean difference between the Gujjar and Bakerwal students in their academic achievement.

The focus of this paper is to examine the value of inclusive education in order to make learning environment conducive not only for specially-abled children but also for children from diverse backgrounds. Every individual deserves a life of dignity and equal opportunity- this includes the disabled section of the society. Inclusive education is perhaps the most important component in pursuance of these goals. Inclusive education is not a marginal issue; it is considered as central to the achievement of high quality education for the whole society. It has been seen that if these children are treated like normal children and if opportunities are extended to them they will surely not let down anyone including themselves. A good number of them have brought laurels to parents, society and the state to which they belong. Specially-abled people have proven their metal in different fields.

After reviewing almost nine latest research studies conducted both in India and abroad related to the assessment of anxiety level among orphans placed in institutions, it was found that orphans ranked high in negative emotions like: depression, distress, anxiety behavior. Studies have revealed the prevalence of overall social emotional and behaviour problems deep rooted in the early experience of these children. Lack of parental love, care and affection has some or the other way contributed to deteoriate their mental health in later life.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the emotional intelligence of regular and non-regular internet users of post-graduate students of University of Kashmir. A sample of 300 PG students (150 regular and 150 non-regular internet users) were randomly selected from Arts, Science and Commerce streams (100 from each stream). The tools used in data collection were Information Blank developed by investigators to identify the regular and non-regular internet users and Emotional intelligence scale by Hyde et.al (2002). In the present study regular internet users are those who are using internet more than 10 hours a week while as non-regular internet users are those who are using internet less than 5 hours a week. The data was analyzed by computing Mean, S.D, and t-test. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between the emotional intelligence of regular and nonregular internet users irrespective of stream. There is also a significant difference between regular and non-regular internet users of Arts and Commerce streams. The study also represented that there is no significant difference between emotional intelligence of regular and non-regular internet users of Science stream.

The present investigation aims to study and compare the level of Emotional Intelligence among children suffering from maternal deprivation either partially or completely. Sample size for the study consisted of 100 students which included 50 maternally deprived orphans and 50 Children of working mothers in the age group (14-16) years selected purposively from various government and private (high and higher secondary) schools of district Srinagar. “Anukool Hyde and sanjyot pethe’S” Emotional Intelligence Scale was employed as tool for data collection and t-test was used for data analysis. The results revealed that Children of both the categories possess similar level of Emotional Intelligence. Although there is slight difference in means of Emotional Intelligence of Orphans and the Children of working mothers which fail to arrive at any significant level.

The study was undertaken to assess and compare the Self-Esteem of bright and dull adolescents. The initial sample of the present investigation comprised of 1200 adolescents of class 10th drawn from various high and higher secondary schools of district Srinagar and district Budgam through systematic random sampling. A non-verbal intelligence test (Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices) was administered to all 1200 adolescents in order to identify bright and dull adolescents. The subjects who scored above75th percentile on Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (I.Q. test) were termed as bright adolescents and those who scored 25th percentile or below were termed as dull adolescents. Thus the final sample of the study consisted of 600 adolescents (300bright and 300 dull). Rosenberg’s Self- Esteem scale was administered to all the 600 adolescents for the collection of data. The results of the study revealed that bright adolescents have better Self-Esteem than dull adolescents.

The present study examined the Parent-child relationship of differently –abled secondary school students in Kashmir. The sample of the study comprised 390 differently-abled secondary school students (in which 130 were orthopedically impaired, 130 visually impaired and 130 hearing impaired). Parent-child relationship scale developed by Nalini Rao (1989) was used. For statistical analysis mean, S.D and t-test was used. The result of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between orthopedically impaired and visually impaired secondary school students on parent –child relationship scale. The result also revealed that there is no significant difference between orthopedically and hearing impaired secondary school students on parent-child relationship scale. The result further depict that there is no significant difference between visually impaired and hearing impaired secondary school students on parent-child relationship scale.

The effectiveness of the individual’s effort to meet his needs and adapt to his environment is called adjustment. It is a process by which individual tries to bring harmony, stable and satisfying relationship with his environment. Aging is a natural phenomenon that refers to changes, which occur during the life span and results in differences in structure and function between the youth and the elderly. Old age is the stage of life, when problems increase manifold. Present study is an attempt to analyze the problems of retired people. The study was conducted on 100 migrated retired people residing in district Srinagar .The sample was contacted on purposive sampling basis .It was ensured that the sample were males belonging to the nuclear setup and having average socio-economic status .To study the intellectual ability of the retired people tool employed was Advanced Progressive Matrices Scale by Raven (2001)and it was found that most of the retired people have average intellectual ability .To study adjustment the tool employed was Shamshad Jasbir Old age Adjustment Inventory (SJOAI) by Hussain and Kaur ,it was found that retired people have problems in the home ,social, emotional ,martial and financial areas of adjustment which need to be addressed for developing positive mental health of the retired people . The study further revealed that People between 60-70 years are better adjusted than those between 71 & above.

Indian English poetry is the oldest form of Indian English literature, which has the attained, both fecundity and excellence. It represents various phases of development of our multitudinous cultural and national life right from the beginning of the nineteenth to the mid-nineties of the twentieth century. It has three phases of development. In the first phase there is a number of codevelopment which is responsible for generating Indian English poetry. The modern Indian English poets have imitative Whitman, T. S. Eliot, Ezra pound, W. B. Yeats. They have also the guardian streets to the new Indian poetry. There are some talented contemporary poets also who are composing their work keeping with the recent social problems of Indian. These poets are PritishNandy, Rabindranath Menon DilipChitre, Sharat Chandra, K. D. KatrakGauriDespande, Nandy is “innovative and profuse” in his poetry.